Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Akyüz Tursun S., Akdemir (Team Leader) Ç.(Yürütücü), Başar B., Ayvaz D.
Yükseköğretim Kurumları Destekli Proje, 2022 - 2023
Hegemonic masculinity is an ideal that is impossible to reach, consisting of being violent, competitive, heroic, powerful, and heterosexual (Connell, 1990). Such a hierarchical system sets women, sexually and gender diverse individuals who were frequently the subjects of masculine violence, powerless while rendering those who conform to the traditionally masculine roles and perpetrate this violence vulnerable to negative mental health outcomes (Levant & Pollack, 1995; Wong et al., 2017). One of hegemonic masculinity hierarchy's perpetuators, fairy tales that continue their existence through tradition with the aforementioned messages are constructed in order to sustain the dominant ideology, and the basic dynamics of the society from generation to generation and are turned into a means of oppression (Agvan, 2021; Agvan & Asutay, 2018). Fairy tales, as a product of a collective unconscious, influencing and being influenced by society, are one of the genres most dependent on a tradition among all other literary genres, and therefore, the essential traditions are permeated without paying much attention to the changes in the conditions of the new age (Sezer, 2020). They build value judgments, give hidden messages and create societal norms (Köse, 2015). A new understanding of fairy tales, anti-tales,has emerged to bring a different discourse to the traditional tales, arguing that they should be freed from subtexts and instrumentalization of the imposition of social norms and hegemonic masculine expression (Agvan & Asutay, 2018). Hegemony establishes the binary gender system through the tales, which is one of the institutions and ensures its continuity by producing related representations. Hegemonic masculinity formulation includes a holistic understanding of gender inequality that recognizes the agency of subordinated groups as much as the strength of hegemonic groups and includes the mutual conditioning or intersection of gender with other social inequalities such as class, race, and age (Connell, 2000; Messerschmidt, 2019). Also, gender role tension occurs due to the difference between an individual’s “real gender self” and “the gender self that should be” according to cultural-social rules (Sakallı & Türkoğlu, 2019). Altogether, fairy tales can be considered as one of the tools that reinforce the hegemonic masculinity ideal and its expectations and re-construct the hegemonic masculinity hierarchy. Implicit or non-implicit messages regarding the hegemonic discourses, gender regimes, gender roles, gender inequality, and gender role strain can be given through fairy tales (Sezer, 2020). Therefore, this project aims to examine the traditional tales and anti-tales in terms of hegemonic masculinity and seeks an answer to the question: “How hegemonic masculinity was re-constructed in traditional tales and was deconstructed in anti-tales?” Anti-tales and the corresponding traditional tales will be selected via the inclusion criteria from various libraries/websites through purposeful sampling. The tales will be analyzed by the deductive content analysis via the codebook to be adapted. The re-construction of hegemonic masculinity in traditional tales and anti-tales will be evaluated via the codebook to transform the data from qualitative into quantitative. Thus, the two versions will be compared in terms of the extent to which the hegemonic masculinity hierarchy was re-constructed, using frequency and percentage.