The Impact of Time Dependent Magnetic Field on Cu–Water Nanofluid
ZAMM Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, cilt.106, sa.10, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 106 Sayı: 10
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1002/zamm.70594
- Dergi Adı: ZAMM Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aerospace Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Compendex, INSPEC, MathSciNet, zbMATH, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Cu–water, nanofluid, RBF, time-dependent magnetic field
- TED Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of time-dependent magnetic field on natural convection of Cu–water nanofluid in a square cavity. The left wall of the cavity is hot, while the right wall is kept cold and the remaining walls are assumed to be adiabatic. The governing 2D continuity, momentum and energy equations are formulated in terms of stream function, vorticity and temperature. The vorticity equation contains the buoyancy and Lorentz force terms due to their appearance in the (Formula presented.) -momentum equation. Time discretization is performed using implicit backward Euler method, while space derivatives are approximated by the radial basis functions (RBFs). Three different magnetic field functions are considered, namely, a uniform magnetic field (Formula presented.), an increasing magnetic field (Formula presented.), and a decaying magnetic field (Formula presented.). The effects of the Hartmann number on flow structure, vorticity distribution, and heat transfer characteristics are analyzed for a fixed Rayleigh number ((Formula presented.)). The results show that the overall flow suppression and heat transfer reduction are governed by the effective Hartmann number ((Formula presented.)). The time-increasing magnetic field (Formula presented.) leads to the most pronounced flow damping with reductions of 99.90% in maximum stream function, 97.54% in vorticity, and 46.18% in the average Nusselt number for (Formula presented.) due to the continuous growth of (Formula presented.) during the transient process. Conversely, the rapidly decaying field (Formula presented.) exhibits minimal long-term suppression as (Formula presented.) vanishes before steady state is achieved.