Journal of Adhesion, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
Constant loads with various magnitudes, i.e. 25%, 35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, and 85% of the ultimate tensile load (UTL) were imposed to adhesive coupons until their fracture. It was found that even at low-load magnitudes of 25−45% of the UTL, the adhesive could still accumulate significant creep strain (average creep coefficient: 2.98) or even fracture after about 4,200 hours of continuous loading. Under the high-load magnitudes of 65−85% of the UTL, the adhesive specimens broke during the primary creep stage with a minimum creep coefficient of only 0.09. It was also found that the ultimate strain in creep tests at load magnitudes of 55% and 65% of the UTL was roughly 1.5%, approximately 1.4 times higher than the tensile ultimate strain. SEM pictures showed that the adhesive rupture at high-load magnitudes displayed a brittle fracture mode, whereas plastic fracture mode was at low-load magnitudes. A threshold value between the load magnitudes of 45% and 55% of the UTL was determined, below which the adhesive exhibited linear viscoelasticity. The creep propagation of adhesive specimens under a full range of load magnitudes and until failure was precisely parameterised, simulated, and prediction of creep rupture life were performed.