A structured literature review of assessment tools for strategic assets and road-network performance in urban emergency systems under earthquake and flood hazard
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, cilt.147, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 147
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106539
- Dergi Adı: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Fragility curves, Multi-hazard, Operational performance indicators, Strategic buildings, Urban emergency system, Vulnerability curves
- TED Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Populations are increasingly exposed to the combined effects of natural hazards, rapid urbanisation, and climate change, making municipal-scale assessment tools for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery essential. Urban emergency systems can be interpreted both as integrated entities and as sets of interconnected components whose individual performance influences overall functionality. This paper presents a structured literature review of tools for evaluating the physical response and post-event functionality of strategic elements within urban emergency systems, with a focus on earthquakes and floods. The study considers key system components, including strategic buildings (e.g., municipal offices, hospitals, fire stations, schools, and gymnasiums), emergency areas, and the urban road network. A Scopus-based bibliometric search was conducted using keyword families related to selected hazards, emergency phases, methodologies, and strategic assets. The search process involved iterative refinement of search strings followed by manual screening of the retrieved studies. The review compares seismic fragility models, flood vulnerability curves, rapid assessment procedures, and road network disruption methodologies in terms of methodological approach, hazard intensity measures, damage or functionality states, decision variables, and applicability to emergency planning. The review reveals that existing methodologies remain largely hazard-specific and asset-oriented, with limited integration of multi-hazard approaches and operational performance indicators. Seismic models are well developed but not easily transferable across contexts, while flood studies are shifting towards threshold-based approaches for operational continuity. Road network analyses increasingly address both direct and indirect disruptions. Overall, the findings highlight the need for integrated, performance-based, multi-risk assessment frameworks capable of linking physical damage, operational functionality, and emergency management decisions.